Electronic Resource
Physicians’ Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2015
The development of chemotherapy in the 1950’s and 1960’s resulted in curative therapeutic strategies for patients with hematologic malignancies and several types of advanced solid tumors. These advances confirmed the principle that chemotherapy could indeed cure cancer and provided the rationale for integrating chemotherapy into combined-modality programs with surgery and radiation therapy in early stages of disease to provide clinical benefit. Since its early days, the principal obstacles to the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy have been toxicity to the normal tissues of the body and the development of cellular drug resistance. The development and application of molecular techniques to analyze gene expression of normal and malignant cells at the level of DNA, RNA, and/or protein has greatly facilitated the identification of some of the critical mechanisms through which chemotherapy exerts its antitumor effects and activates the program of cell death. This modern-day technology now includes next-generation sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing, and these advances have provided important new insights into the molecular and genetic events within cancer cells that can confer chemosensitivity to drug treatment as well as having identified potential new therapeutic targets. This enhanced understanding of the molecular pathways by which chemotherapy and targeted therapies exert their antitumor activity, and by which genetic alterations can result in resistance to drug therapy, has provided the rationale for developing innovative therapeutic strategies.
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