Electronic Resource
Handbook of FOOD-DRUG INTERACTIONS
Animals are dependent on food for their very existence. Man is no exception.Man, as hunter and gatherer and later as agronomist, looked to plants and animalsfor more than just food. Animals and plants provided tools, shelter, clothing, andtransportation, as well as labor.Early man manifested an intelligence that led him to attempt to influence theexternal world and to change things to his advantage. Inevitable injury and illnesswere treated by means influenced by logic and intelligence. The means readilyavailable to preliterate mankind included experimentation with plant and animalmaterials in the immediate environment. The trial and error method, combined withoral traditions and later written record keeping, produced diverse local practices ofmedicinal arts.“The desire to take medicine is perhaps the greatest feature which distinguishes manfrom animals.” William Osler (1849–1919), Canadian writer, lecturer, and physician.Pharmacognosy, the study of the origin, nature, properties, and effects of naturalproducts on living organisms, grew from such instinctive responses to disease.Pharmacology, the study of the origin, nature, properties, and effects of varioussubstances (naturally occurring and synthetic) on living organisms, grew from rootsgrounded for centuries in these primitive practices. It is interesting to note that thereis a recent resurgence of interest in natural products for medical use.With this new interest in natural products, keep in mind that efficacy, purity, andactive ingredient concentration of substances sold as nutritional supplements are notregulated by any arm of the U.S. federal government. Recently, the U.S. Pharmacopeial (USP) Convention began a voluntary program for the certification of purityand active ingredient concentration of nutritional supplements. The USP is a private,not-for-profit entity founded in 1820 and entirely independent from the government.Except for products certified by this process, a potential for variance still existsbetween manufacturers, between lots from the same manufacturer, and even withinthe same lot.
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