Electronic Resource

Systemic Corticosteroids for Inflammatory Disorders in Pediatrics

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More than six decades have elapsed since the introduction of corticosteroids into the pharmacologic armamentarium of pediatricians. Despite the widespread clinical use of these agents for many years, several questions remain concerning their appropriate therapeutic role, indications, possible regimens, and adverse effects. The discovery of corticosteroids can be considered one of the most important therapeutic revolutions of the last century. Steroids became crucial for the treatment of several infl ammatory and rheumatic diseases, including diseases that occur during childhood. However, the great enthusiasm over the discovery of corticosteroids was hampered in later years by the identifi cation of important side effects that raised concerns regarding steroid therapy. Thus, in the past years, research focused on the development of new steroid compounds with lower toxicity and higher effi cacy as well as on novel therapeutic regimens. Now, 60 years later, treatment with corticosteroids has stood the test of time, and despite the well-known side effects they are still a keystone in the therapy of many disorders and can sometimes be life-saving [ 1 ]. In 1930, for the fi rst time an extract of animal adrenocortical tissue was demonstrated to counter human adrenal failure. Subsequently, following chemical analyses of cortical extracts, it became clear that there was not one cortical hormone, but several steroid hormones. By 1940 two categories of corticosteroids were identifi ed: those that caused sodium and fl uid retention (mineralocorticoids) and those that opposed shock and infl ammation (glucocorticoids) [ 2 ]. Extractive chemistry, chemical synthesis, and clinical investigations were combined, resulting in the discovery of cortisone and a long series of related derivatives [ 3 ]. P. Hench postulated that an antirheumatic chemical, or “substance X,” was produced in response to stress. In 1935, he began collaborating with E.C. Kendall to identify this substance. Kendall isolated four adrenal cortical hormones by 1935, which he named compounds A, B, E, and F. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that Kendall’s compound E and Hench’s substance X were the same. Eight years later they extracted small quantities of compound E (named cortisone by Hench) for clinical trials. T. Reichstein perfected techniques for manufacturing adrenal hormones, heralding a new era in therapeutic pharmacology.

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Ketersediaan

EBK-00234

618.92/Rol-s

Perpus Pusat

Tersedia

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

618.92/Rol-s

Penerbit

New York : SPRINGER., 2015

Deskripsi Fisik

186 hlm

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

978-3-319-16055-9

Klasifikasi

618.92

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

e-book

Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subjek

Systemic Corticosteroids
Disorders in Pediatrics
Gangguan di Pediatri
Peradangan

Info Detail Spesifik

Electronic Version

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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