Designed to facilitate quick reference, each entry begins with the generic name of the drugin boldface type. Drugs with a Black Box Warning are identified with a symbol in the mainheading. Phonetic pronunciations appear just below the generic name. Drug categories follow. The primary category may be followed by additional ones representing the multipleuses of a drug. Associated trade names are …
Animals are dependent on food for their very existence. Man is no exception.Man, as hunter and gatherer and later as agronomist, looked to plants and animalsfor more than just food. Animals and plants provided tools, shelter, clothing, andtransportation, as well as labor.Early man manifested an intelligence that led him to attempt to influence theexternal world and to change things to his advan…
Sel adalah unit terkecil dari suatu sistem kehidupan, unit structural, dan fungsional dasar penyusun makhluk hidup. Setiap sel tersusun oleh membran sel dan sitoplasma yang berisi organel-organel sel. Menurut teori sel, semua makhluk hidup tersusun oleh satu atau lebih sel. Semua sel berasal dari sel yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Semua fungsi vital organisme berlangsung di dalam sel dan semua sel …
Since the advent of molecular cloning, target based screening has become the norm in pharmaceutical drug discovery. A large number of potential drug targets have been cloned and functionally expressed, and enormous progress has been made in the development, miniaturization and automation of cell based assays on target molecules recombinantly expressed in mammalian cell lines. This approach has …
The BNF is unique in bringing together authoritative, independent guidance on best practice with clinically validated drug information, enabling healthcare professionals to select safe and effective medicines for individual patients. Information in the BNF has been validated against emerging evidence, best-practice guidelines, and advice from a network of clinical experts. Hundreds of changes a…
The main text consists of classified notes on clinical conditions, drugs and preparations. These notes are divided into 15 chapters, each of which is related to a particular system of the body or to an aspect of medical care. Each chapter is then divided into sections which begin with appropriate notes for prescribers. These notes are intended to provide information to doctors, dental surgeons,…
Ocular diseases such as age related macular degeration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), proliferative vitreal retinopathy (PVR), endopthlamitis and viral retinitis pose serious threat to vision if left untreated. The unique anatomy and physiology of eye offer many challenges to development of effective ocular drug delivery systems. Historically, drugs have been administered to the eye as simpl…
Acute gout attacks are characterized by rapid onset of excruciating pain, swelling, and inflammation. The attack is typically monoarticular, most often affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra), and then, in order of frequency, the insteps, ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. Attacks commonly begin at night, with the patient awakening with excruciating pain. Affecte…
Basic and clinical research provides a continuous flow of biomedical information that enables practitioners to use medications more effectively and safely. The editors, authors, and publisher of this book have made every effort to ensure accuracy of information provided. However, it is the responsibility of all practitioners to assess the appropriateness of published drug therapy information, e…
Hipertensi dikenal secara luas sebagai penyakit kardiovaskular. Diperkirakan telah menyebabkan 4.5% dari beban penyakit secara global, dan prevalensinya hampir sama besar di negara berkembang maupun di negara maju.1 Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama gangguan jantung. Selain mengakibatkan gagal jantung, hipertensi dapat berakibat terjadinya gagal ginjal maupun penyakit serebrov…